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1、专题08 定语从句（解析版） Part 1：知识点梳理1. 引导定语从句的关系词； 2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；3. “介词关系代词”的结构；4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。知识点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。The house, which we bought last month, is very nic

2、e. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 知识点2  关系代词与关系副词关

3、系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人、物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works ab

4、road is my deskmate.that人、物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语、宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same

5、pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which替换where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which替换why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which替换知识点3关系代词that和which的特殊用法1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：(1)先行词是all,

6、 everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。I will tell you everything that I know. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。Chatting is the only thing that interests her. (4)先行词中既有人也有物。

2.学习、记忆是动物脑的高级功能。研究者通过电刺激实验,发现学习、记忆功能与高等动物的大脑海马区(H区)密切相关。如果在H区的传人纤维上施加100次/秒、持续1秒的强刺激(HES),在刺激后几小时之内,只要再施加单次强刺激,突触后膜的电位变化都会比未受过HES处理时高2~3倍,研究者认为是HFS使H区神经细胞产生了“记忆”。如图为这一现象的机制。A受体胞内肽段(T)被C酶磷酸化后,A受体活性增强。为验证T的磷酸化能增强神经细胞对刺激的“记忆”这一假设,下列步骤中对达成实验目的非必要的是A.用T的磷酸化位点发生突变的小鼠和未突变小鼠作实验材料B.HFS处理两组实验小鼠的H区传入纤维C.检测H区神经细胞突触后膜A受体能否磷酸化D.检测和比较两组小鼠突触后膜电位变化

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