例如：He is new , so he has few friends.他是新生，所以几乎没有朋友（表示否定）。

—Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你说几句话吗（表示肯定）？–当然可以，我有一点点时间（表示肯定）。

④ both和all both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。

例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。

⑤ either， neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”，neither是“两者都不”，是both的反义词，none“都不”是all的反义词。

例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。（只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可）

—Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.

—你想要牛奶还是咖啡？–都不要，水就可以。

They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.

他们都是青少年，谁都不应该获许抽烟。

⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。

例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中国其他城市大。

Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷锋乐于助人。

I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.

我只有两个好朋友，一个是杰克，另一个是大卫。

I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.

我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语，其余的（书）都是中文。

⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以上中的任意一者，还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。

例如：This building is taller than that one.这个建筑比那栋高。

I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.

我已经花了半个小时做这件工作，但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。

⑧ 复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须

注意：a）复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?电脑出问题了吗？

Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齐了，我们开会吧。

b）修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面，做后置定语。

例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.

请安静，我有重要的事情要告诉你们。

5. 反身代词

反身代词

① 反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。

例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。

They did the job all by themselves.这件工作他们完全是自己做的。

② 反身代词常用词组

例如：teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得愉快

hurt oneself伤了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself苏醒 by oneself单独；亲自

6. 疑问代词： what, who, whose, whom, which

主要用于特殊疑问句之中；

What 表示“什么”

What do you want to do on the weekend? 周末你想做什么？

Who 表示“谁”

Who is that girl in pink? 穿粉色衣服的女孩是谁？

Whom 表示“谁” 宾格提问

Whom do you want to work with?你想要和谁一起工作？

Whose 表示“谁的”

Whose book is this? 这是谁的书？

Which 表示“哪一个”

Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一个季节？

7. 关系代词

在初中阶段的定语从句中的引导词称为关系代词和关系副词，

定语从句中关系代词： that， who， whom， whose，which

This is the book that you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那本书。

I have watched the movie which you shared me. 我已经看了你给我分享的那部电影。

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