瓷胎画珐琅是清代皇室自用瓷器中最具特色，釉上彩瓷中最为精美的彩瓷器。从康熙的色浓庄重至雍正的清淡素雅，到乾隆时的精密繁复的雍容华贵，使珐琅，这一洋味十足的彩料在瓷器上得到淋漓尽致的发挥。集中西风韵于一身，画尽了皇家身份的高贵与荣华。乾隆珐琅彩瓷是清代康，雍，乾三代珐琅彩瓷中最为精美的巅峰之作，具有古典美的乾隆仕女游园罐是其代表。

珐琅彩绘采用的画珐的制作技法起源于15世纪中叶欧洲比利时、法国、荷兰三国交界的佛朗德斯地区。15世纪末，法国中西部的里摩居，以其制作内填珐琅工艺为基础，发展成画珐琅的重镇，初期制作以宗教为主题的器物，后来逐渐制做成装饰性的工艺品。随着东西贸易交往的频繁，尤其自清康熙二十三年（1684年）清廷平定台湾以后，禁海开放，西洋制品开始涌入，西洋珐琅便由广州等港口传入中国，并就地设厂研制，称之为洋瓷，宫中则称其为广珐琅。当时，广州的产品多保留着西方文化的韵味，由于烧造技术不高，釉料呈色不稳定。康熙五十八年（1719年），聘请法兰西画珐琅艺人陈忠信来京，在内廷珐琅处指导烧造画珐琅器。其式样、图案主要是中国风格，少有西方画珐琅的特点。

藏品介绍

>蒜头瓶（蒜头瓶的寓意和作用）

中文名称：珐琅彩蒜头瓶

英文名称：Enameledgarlicbottle

类别：瓷器

规格：一对（高24公分，上口3公分，底6.5公分）

品相：美品

瓷制蒜头瓶流行于明清，以景德镇窑制品为多见，品种有青花、五彩、洒蓝描金等。明清景德镇窑蒜头瓶有青花、五彩、粉彩、以及蓝釉、酱釉等各种单色釉品种。明嘉靖蒜头瓶是肩部有堆塑蟠螭装饰；明成化蒜头瓶，仅口部作花瓣状，耳为随意堆塑；明正德蒜头瓶，在瓶腹上设出戟；明万历蒜头瓶，趋于简化，口部已无蒜头了，但器形高大，以青花五彩为多见，珐琅彩蒜头瓶极其罕见，为宫廷所用。

可见口部描金，上小下大的两个腹，形似葫芦，亦有着福禄之意，描金口下画如意纹，周圈有棱，结合了六棱器型，整体满纹饰，且腹部开窗，一副花开富贵的景象，其颜色艳丽，构图精细，十分耐赏！

我们可以看到六方足十分的细腻，触感光滑，毫无拉手之感，中心落雍正年制印章款，底部施护胎釉，从露胎的细腻感来看是少有的糯米胎，最早称之为“糯米汁胎”是形象描述胎体的质感，如同糯米经水磨后流出的米浆一般细腻、光滑。后被称为糯米胎，此胎极其细腻，是瓷石经过多次提炼极其细腻后才有的极品瓷胎，这种瓷胎轻扣声音清脆悦耳，胎质紧密，较一般瓷器硬度要高，抗热涨冷缩能力强，很多瓷器经历上百年时间就会自然地干裂，我们成为阴裂现象，与窑裂不同，是后期形成的，而糯米胎瓷器就不会出现这种问题，由于瓷土极其细腻，也不会出现棕眼的现象，是美瓷的重要要素。

珐琅彩瓷器是清代专为皇家制作的宫中秘藏珍品，也是甶皇帝直接授意下创烧的皇家御用品。其制作往往极为精良，工艺极为复杂、严谨，现存世也极为稀少。不论是胎体、造型、绘画、书法、色彩、印章都达到了历史的巅峰，风格上色彩丰富、又淡雅多姿、层次清晰，即有类似西方油画的艺术效果，又有东方工笔山水花鸟画之神韵！在清代别说老百姓，就连一些高官大臣都没见过珐琅彩，其实珐琅在明代就开始引进了，当时在玻璃和铜胎上烧制，叫做铜胎珐琅，到了康熙年间就把珐琅彩应用到了瓷器上，发现瓷胎画珐琅更美，康熙的珐琅立体感很强，与铜胎珐琅神似，直到雍正时期，一改风格，以白胎为地，画的十分温润精美，更符合现代审美观，其收藏价值极高。

英文翻译：Porcelainfoil-paintedenamelisthemostcharacteristicandthemostexquisitecoloredporcelainamongtheself-usedporcelainoftheroyalfamilyintheQingDynasty.FromKangxisthickandsolemncolortoYongzhengslightandelegant,toQianlongssophisticatedandcomplicatedgraceandelegance,theenamel,thecolormaterialwithfullforeignflavor,wasfullydisplayedontheporcelain.Concentratewesterncharminabody,paintingtheroyalidentityofthenobilityandglory.QianlongenamelporcelainisthemostexquisitepeakenamelporcelainofthethreegenerationsofKang,YongandGanintheQingDynasty,anditisrepresentedbythegardenpotofQianlongladieswithclassicalbeauty.

Enamelpaintingusedintheproductionoffatechniquesoriginatedinthemid-15thcenturyEuropeBelgium,France,theNetherlandsatthejunctionofthethreecountriesoftheFrandesregion.Attheendofthe15thcentury,RimojuincentralandwesternFrancedevelopedintoanimportanttownforpaintingenamelbasedonthecraftofinnerfillingenamel.Atthebeginning,thecraftmadeobjectswithreligiousthemes,andlatergraduallymadeintodecorativecrafts.WiththefrequenttradebetweenChinaandtheWest,especiallyinthe23rdyearofEmperorKangxioftheQingDynasty(1684),aftertheQinggovernmentpacifyingTaiwan,theseawasbannedandwesternproductsbegantofloodin.WesternenamelwasintroducedtoChinafromGuangzhouandotherports,andwasdevelopedbyfactoriesonthespot.Itwascalledforeignporcelain,whiletheimperialcourtcalleditCantonenamel.Atthattime,GuangzhousproductsretaintheflavorofWesternculture,becausethefiringtechnologyisnothigh,glazecolorinstability.Inthe58thyearofthereignofEmperorKangxi(1719),ChenZhongxin,aFrenchpaintingenamelartist,wasinvitedtoBeijingtodirectthefiringofpaintingenamelintheEnamelDepartmentoftheInnerCourt.ItsdesignandpatternaremainlyChinesestyle,fewofthecharacteristicsofwesternenamelpainting.

Thecollectionisintroduced

ChineseName:EnamelColorGarlicBottle

EnameledGarlicBottle

Category:Porcelain

Specification:Onepair(height24cm,top3cm,bottom6.5cm)

Appearance:Beautiful

PorcelaingarlicbottleswerepopularintheMingandQingdynasties,withJingdezhenkilnproductsasthemostcommon,varietiesofblueandwhite,multicolored,sprinkledbluepaintedgold,etc.JingdezhengarlicbottlesintheMingandQingDynastieshaveblueandwhite,multicoloured,pastel,andblueglaze,sauceglazeandothersingle-colorglazevarieties.MingJiajinggarlicbottleisdecoratedwithpiledplasticflatchiontheshoulder;MingChenghuagarlicbottle,onlythemouthforpetal-like,earsforrandompileplastic;MingZhengdegarlicbottle,setahalberdonthebellyofthebottle;MingWanligarlicbottle,tendtosimplify,themouthhasnogarlic,buttall,toblueandwhitecolorful,enamelgarlicbottleisextremelyrare,usedforthepalace.

Itcanbeseenthatthemouthispaintedgold,smallandbigtwoabdomen,shapedlikecalabash,alsohasthemeaningoffortune,paintedgoldmouthundertheruyigrain,thecircumferencehasedges,combinedwiththesix-edgeshape,theoverallfullofgrain,andtheabdominalwindow,apairofflowersrichscene,itscolorisgorgeous,compositionisfine,verybeartoappreciate!

Wecanseesixsquarefootisveryexquisite,feelissmooth,withoutthefeelingofshakehandshandle,centerseal,fallyongzhengyearthenursingatthebottomoftheembryoglaze,fromthepointoftheexquisitesenseofdewtireisoneofthefewglutinousrice,thefirstiscalled”stickyricejuice”isdescribethetextureofbodyimage,likericemilkthatglutinousriceafterwateroutflowisexquisiteandsmooth.Calledglutinousrice,afterthechildisveryexquisite,isChinastonesomeacuraaftermanyrefinedextremelydelicateporcelainbody,theporcelainbodylightsweetcrisp,TaiZhiclosely,morelikeporcelainhigherhardness,heatfromthecoldresistanceisstrong,alotofChinaexperiencedhundredsofyearswillnaturallyweather-shack,webecomeYincrackphenomenon,unlikekilncrack,isformedinthelate,Theglutinousriceembryoporcelainwillnothavethisproblem,becausetheporcelainsoilisextremelydelicate,therewillbenobrowneyephenomenon,isanimportantelementoftheUnitedStatesporcelain.

Enamel-coloredporcelainisacollectionofpalacetreasuresspeciallymadefortheroyalfamilyinQingDynasty.Itisalsoondisplayfortheroyalroyalarticlesondisplayunderthedirectinstructionoftheemperor.Itsproductionisoftenverysophisticated,theprocessisverycomplex,strict,extantisalsoveryrare.Whetheritisthebody,modeling,painting,calligraphy,color,sealhavereachedthepeakofhistory,thestyleofcolorrich,elegantandcolorful,clearlevels,whichissimilartothewesternoilpaintingartisticeffect,butalsotheOrientalmeticulouspaintinglandscapeflowersandbirdsofthecharm!Dontsaypeopleinqingdynasty,andevensomeseniorminister,haventseenthecoloredenamel,enamelhasintroducedintheMingdynasty,actuallyontheglassandcopperfoetusfireatthattime,calledcopperfoetusenamel,isappliedtothecoloredenamelporcelaintokangxiyears,foundthatporcelainbodypaintingenamelmorebeauty,kangxienamelstereosenseisverystrong,andcopperfoetusenamelspiritlikeness,untiltheyongzhengperiod,achangeofstyle,Withwhitefetusesastheground,thepaintingisverywarmanddelicate,moreinlinewiththemodernaestheticstandards,anditscollectionvalueisveryhigh.

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